NEW YORK (Reuters Health) Dec 11 - Digoxin use appears to increase the risk of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women, according to results of a study published December 3rd online by Breast Cancer Research.
Dr. Thomas P. Ahern of Boston University in Boston, Massachusetts, and colleagues there and at Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark identified 5,565 postmenopausal women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 1991 and 2007, and matched them with 55,650 healthy controls.
The investigators estimated the odds ratio of breast cancer with digoxin use after adjusting for age, county of residence, use of anticoagulants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), aspirin, and hormone replacement therapy.
Dr. Ahern's team identified a history of digoxin use of at least one year's duration before the index date in 324 breast cancer cases (5.8%) and 2,546 controls (4.6%).
This translated to an adjusted odds ratio of 1.30 for breast cancer with digoxin use. The odds ratio "increased modestly with increasing duration of digoxin exposure," with an adjusted OR of 1.39 associated with 7-18 years of digoxin use.
"The association was robust to adjustment for age, receipt of hormone replacement therapy, co-prescribed drugs, and confounding by indication," the authors write.
Dr. Ahern and colleagues found no detection bias in screening mammography rates between cases and controls.
"While a number of laboratory studies of cardiac glycosides and female breast cancer have suggested protective effects, our results suggest that one specific cardiac glycoside, digoxin, moderately increases the incidence rate of breast cancer," Dr. Ahern and associates conclude.
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